具有优势资源的村庄整治与建设规划探讨——以连江县江南乡梅洋村为例

以连江县江南乡梅洋村为例,从现状资源和现有问题分析入手,对于如何利用资源进行规划和解决存在的问题进行探讨,因地制宜地提出,建设以"梅花文化"为主导的生态旅游产业和生态农业的社会主义新农村,对具有优势资源的村庄整治与建设规划提供有益的参考。     

Initiative for 100% rural electrification in developing countries: Case study of Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest access to electricity in the World. In Senegal, less than 25% of the rural population benefit of electricity service. Solar energy offers an important potential to Senegal with over 3000 h of sunlight a year. This is a real opportunity to generalize the access to electricity. But, the efforts to bridge the gap must be diversified and completed. We approach the problem of rural electrification with a different point of view. Grid expansion and centralized solutions may be adequate for villages with a population organized in high-density of habitations. Small size villages or those with highly dispersed population may need different propositions because of cost. These regions will not be the priority of electrification programs. Furthermore, this rural population is characterized by its low income and saving. Such a conjuncture suggests the opportunity of a service based fees model for access to electricity. On the basis of a fees-for-service model, individual standalone photovoltaic systems may be a more appropriate solution to cover the priority needs of lighting and mobile phones battery charge for telecommunication. We present a pilot project in a village of Senegal to support the model and demonstrate its feasibility.     

解读千年沉积的画卷——浅析瑞典大地景观的形成与发展

该文介绍了瑞典大地景观的历史和自然成因,分析了大地景观的形成受人类历史活动和自然环境演变的双重影响。即一方面体现了农业社会对景观的影响,诠释了农耕者和决策者如何利用和管理上千年来传承下来的土地资源;另一方面也融入了自然界中各种因素所产生的生态效应。以此为鉴,景观设计应尊重自然,大地景观的营造是人类活动适应自然而非改造自然的模式。     

理性增长十周年回顾及展望——以美国马里兰州为例

2007年10月在美国马里兰州举办了理性增长十周年（Smart Growth@10）会议。本文在回顾马里兰州理性增长十年发展历程基础上，严格审查马里兰州理性增长运动的实践成效，具体包括理性增长在土地利用变更、社区复兴、住宅偏好及选择、耕地保护、基础设施建设等领域所取得的成就和存在的不足，并总结了未来马里兰州理性增长运动进一步完善的政策建议，希望美国马里兰州的理性增长实践能够为中国未来城市规划、发展和管理的改革创新提供借鉴和启示．     

PV for rural areas—the power utility (ZESA) Zimbabwe's experience

Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA) is mandated to provide power to all parts of the country but in rural areas the electrification rate is very low, estimated at 5%. This is due to technical, financial and socio-economical factors. These factors include low loads, long reticulation lines, and low and erratic incomes. This renders the electrification of some rural areas through grid extension not feasible in the short and medium term. As part of the solution, renewables were incorporated as an alternative energy supply to such rural areas. This paper discusses the technical and socio-economic characteristics of the rural areas in Zimbabwe and the role of renewables in meeting rural loads.     

必须加强农村零售网点安全工作

针对农村网点特点,介绍其在安全作业、火灾爆炸事故预防及设备安全使用中应注意的一些问题。     

Linkages among energy, agriculture and environment in rural India

The interconnections between energy, agriculture and environment in rural India are analyzed in this paper using a systems perspective. Rural areas of developing countries use biomass for fuel, fodder, fertilizer and other purposes, and it is necessary to understand the fuel-fodder–fertilizer relationships for optimal biomass allocation. The allocation is explored using a linear programming model. First, the model is validated by simulating it using data for the year 1990–1991. The model is then applied for the year 2000, and several scenarios are generated to obtain answers to various policy questions. The results show that it is necessary to increase fertilizer consumption, to increase efficiencies of cooking stoves, to improve livestock feed, and/or to decrease population growth for maximizing the revenue generated in the rural system of India. It shows that when the prices of fertilizers increase, a large increase in kerosene requirements can be expected. It also points to the necessity to increase kerosene consumption to reduce emissions (due to non-commercial fuels) and soil fertility loss. For example, the carbon dioxide emissions associated with the scenarios range from 137.50 to 62.50 million tons (in carbon equivalent terms) for the high and low cases, respectively. Correspondingly, kerosene consumption ranges from 0.18 to 15.49 kilotons (kT).     

Evaluation of choices for sustainable rural electrification in developing countries: A multicriteria approach

Rural electrification (RE) can be modelled as a multifactorial task connected to a large number of variables: decision makers need to choose the appropriate options by considering not only the techno-economic competitiveness but also socio-cultural dynamics and environmental consequences, making the task intricate. Many rural electrification projects have failed due to lack of attention to the issues beyond financial and technical dimensions. This paper presents a standardized approach for decision making concerning the extension of electricity services to rural areas. This approach first determines whether the supply provision should be grid expansion or off-grid on the basis of levelized cost of delivered electricity. If the grid expansion is found nonviable over off-grid options then a multicriteria decision aiding tool, SMAA-2 (Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis), will evaluate off-grid technologies by aggregating 24 criteria values. While applying this approach, the delivered costs of electricity by the grid in remote areas within the 1–25 km distances vary in a range of 0.10–7.85 US$/kW h depending on the line lengths and load conditions. In the off-grid evaluation, the solar PV (photovoltaic) and biogas plants are found as the most preferable alternatives with 59% and 41% acceptability in their first rank, respectively.     

南宁市青秀区团岩坡产业发展规划与布局研究

随着《国家新型城镇化规划(2014—2020年)》的颁布实施,中国的城镇化进程开启了新篇章。但受二元经济结构、城乡产业特性等因素的影响,城乡发展差距日益扩大仍是我国经济生活中的突出矛盾之一,因此新型城镇化背景下的乡村产业发展布局是否科学合理,将成为广大乡村地区能否实现转型升级、可持续发展的关键因素之一。研究通过对团岩坡产业规划项目编制过程中所遇到的新问题进行梳理和总结,对未来乡村的产业发展规划与布局进行一些有益探索。     

英国城市收缩现象的经验及启示

去工业化带来的城市收缩现象是发达国家当前面临的重要问题。研究以英国利物浦和谢菲尔德的城市收缩现象为例,从五个方面总结这两个城市应对城市收缩现象的策略,包括发展公司统筹规划,改造建筑、融入新功能,合理利用城市文化名片,发展文教创意产业和提高公众参与度,以期为中国日后应对可能出现收缩现象的城市提供借鉴。